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Present, Past and Recent advancements in combat against COVID-19
Corona virus is member of subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, family coronaviridae and order Nidovirales. Corona virus usually causes respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. The recent outbreak is due to unique ß-corona virus (COVID-19). The virus genome is single stranded RNA positive sense. Various studies have been carried out to find the origin of this virus, phylogenetic analysis have also been performed and it revealed that this virus is from bat origin. Bats serve as reservoir hosts for this virus. This is virus is 82% similar to human corona virus (SARS-CoV) and 50% to MERS-CoV. Studies have revealed that there was transmission of MERS-CoV from bats to camels. There are various theories regarding current virus pandemic.
Corona viruses are RNA viruses and have crown like appearance when observed under electron microscope. Corona word originated from a Latin word coronum means crown like. Its crown like appearance is due to presence of surface glycoproteins. This virus can be classified in four genera. They are α-coronavirus, ß-coronavirus, Deltacoronavirus and γ-coronavirus. The ß-coronavirus is further divided into five lineages. The phylogenetic studies have revealed that the α-coronavirus and ß-coronavirus are transmitted by bats and rodents. Coronaviridae is a large family and the members of this family causes respiratory, GIT, hepatic and neurological disorders. There are about seven coronaviruses that can infect human beings. There are different coronaviruses here that can infect humans includes HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-NL63, these all are under umbrella of α-coronaviruses. These viruses lead to upper respiratory infections and the disease is self-limiting. The immunocompromised and elder people are more prone to these infections. There are other coronaviruses that can cause illness in humans include SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV. These viruses can cause respiratory or other systemic ailments. These morality rates are also variable. These are member of ß-coronaviruses. It was thought that the recent outbreak in Wuhan was due to sea food consumption. It was the major reason for human infection. Later, there were cases that were not linked with this mechanism. It was revealed through various studies that it can be transmitted from one individual to another individual so, the people with symptoms of coronavirus are major source of infection transmission. There are various other respiratory pathogens rhinovirus, the transmission is can occur through respiratory droplets and that can be through coughing and sneezing. Aerosol transmission has also been observed in case of exposure to elevated aerosol concentrations in closed facilities. The transmission, in fact, is primarily to family members, healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, other hospital staff and health workers), and people with close contact with to infected individual. Pathophysiology of the agent is kind of unique, In Coronaviruses, the genomic structure is positive sense single stranded RNA of approximately 30 kilobytes in length and these are largest known RNA viruses and with a 5′-cap structure and 3′-poly-A tail. Starting from the viral RNA, the synthesis of polyprotein in the host is understood. The transcription occurs through the replication & transcription complex that is structured in double-membrane vesicles and via the synthesis of sub-enomic RNA sequences. The virulence of virus is due to nonstructural and structural proteins the nonstructural proteins are able to block the host immune response that’s why there is rapid damage to host system. The structural proteins are involved in assembly and release mechanisms. The virus is still under study and scientists are working on its different structural domains for better understanding and development of treatment. It has also been observed that the virus initiates excessive immune reaction in host and that is known as cytokine storm. This results in excessive tissue damage. The agonist for this cytokine storm is Interlukin-6 that is responsible for activation of various lymphocytes. It also helps in promotion of various other immune cells like involved in differentiation of B lymphocytes. It also helps in release of various acute phase proteins that are responsible for thermoregulation. There are various histopathological studies that have been conducted to understand the virus pathology. The lungs were examined histologically and there were edema and excessive tissue damage. The lungs were filled proteinaceous exudate. Fibrin like material has also been observed. These implications ultimately lead to difficult breathing and pulmonary arrest. The symptoms for COVID-19 infection are fever, coughing, soreness in throat, nasal congestion, headache, malaise, pain in muscles and generalized illness. The multiple organ failure due to sepsis has also been observed in this infection. To date, there is no treatment for this mysterious infection. There are no specific drugs or vaccines available for its cure. Symptomatic treatment has been performed in all countries and patients are treated with oxygen supply through ventilators. The infection can be differentiated with other viral infections like Adenoviruses, Influenza, Parainfluenza, Human metapneumovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus and common cold caused by Rhino viruses.
WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations
Ø Avoid contact with the infected individuals
Ø Frequent washing of hands after contact with people or environment
Ø Avoid contact with domestic or wild animals
Ø Social distancing is really important
Ø Strict hygienic measures should be adopted to avoid sickness
Ø Avoidance of contact by already diseased people with other infected people or environment
These measures should be adopted to avoid getting infected by this notorious pathogen. The governments are doing their best to combat this pathogen. They should be supported and encouraged. The people should listen to their superiors and governments. These are difficult times and will pass. Life is precious. So, stay home and stay safe.
Samsung Z Flip promo video leacked before release.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 5G video has been leaked by tipster Evan Blass
- The new foldable phone is said to have Snapdragon 865+ SoC
- Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 5G support page is live in Hungary
Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 5G video promo has been leaked online that purportedly shows off the foldable phone from all sides. The new Samsung phone appears to have an identical look and feel to the LTE version of the Galaxy Z Flip that was launched back in February. Separately, some key specifications of the new Samsung phone have surfaced on the Web that suggest even some minor changes on the part of internals as well. The Galaxy Z Flip 5G is rumoured to come with an octa-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 865+ SoC. There would also be slight changes on the dimensions front.
Tipster Evan Blass has leaked the video of the Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 5G on Twitter. It suggests that there aren't any noticeable changes over the original Galaxy Z Flip model. However, you'll certainly get 5G support on the new offering, which isn't there previously. The tipster has also suggested that there would be a new colour option, called “Mystic Bronze”.
by Taboola
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Developers, the only change between the Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 5G and its 4G model is the presence of the Qualcomm Snapdragon 865+ SoC on the former over the Snapdragon 855+ on the latter. He also mentions that there will be a “negligible amount” of changes on the part of dimensions. The new phone will be basically 0.5mm thicker and 0.1mm taller than its existing version.
- Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 5G and Galaxy Fold 2 Details Leak
In addition to the new leaks, a support page of the Galaxy Z Flip 5G has purportedly been listed on the Samsung Hungary website with a model number SM-F707B.
And its pricee is about 1000$.
Sialkot Reopens Historical Place over 72 Years......
Shawala Teja Singh Temple in Dhaarowal was built by Sardar Teja Singh and closed during partition. The Hindus of Sialkot stopped visiting the temple after a mob damaged it in 1992 while protesting the demolition of the Babri Masjid in India.
The step was taken on the direction of Prime Minister Imran Khan, said the report.
"We are thankful to the government for opening our temple," said a Hindu man.
"People are free to visit anytime," said Deputy Commissioner Bilal Haider.
How to develop countries together? ( One little example for me and you )
Mehmet Bozdag is very talented director of famous Turkish Drama serial Dirilis Ertughal. He talked to private agency for this, he said that: " I am surprised that we did not make any collaborations till this day ... we call each other brother countries."
"However, we have never signed a deal in the field of culture and arts. So then where is the fellowship?" he asked.
I nsisting that there should be joint projects with Pakistan in the future where producers and actors can come together, Bozdag noted that he expected the series to attract attention in Pakistan, but he never thought it would become a hit in such a short time. He underscored that he is particularly happy that the show is popular in Pakistan.
"Even if Turkey and Pakistan have separate borders, the souls are of one nation," he emphasised.
Black kills
"I can't breathe please help me"
In last days, there was a black American by the name George floyd was ferociously killed under the custody of a police office Derak chuvin. By pressing knees on the neck of George floyd in Minneapolis in Minnesota US. While he was bagging for breathing to the police officer, The officer didn't listene any of his and suppressed him over 9 minutes even after 3 minutes he was unresponsive as dead there. After this sanario protests have been started ascross the United States. Prominently the black society reactioned angrily in many states mobs are try to demonstrate their feelings towards Floyd. Remember that this is not the first sign of racism in so called American democracy, it also did as well as in pasts. People are relating this event to the muder of 2014 where also a black man Eric garnar was killed by the police and his last words are definitely same as George floyd. That "i can't breathe". Now the police officer has been charged with the third degree murder (without intent to cause dead of other person by performing dangerous act). The President Trump said that there wil be no place to protests and will not bearing anyone as a violent. In the other hand high profiles are also raising racism statements as wel. The mobs are demanding for justice for George floyd. In the past there are many time when black people had faced discriminations just because of their colour. The discrimination is not only restrain at colour but it converted into racism, on the other side white people or Anglo-Saxon considered that they are the pure American and only having rights to superiority in America. Here some of the question marks on the so called democracy of America and as wel as on congress. On the one side they are talking about the human rights, equality, freedom of speech, and life. But really there is no secured life and rights other then white peoples. Is the black people could be got equal positions as white in future? May or not. Now they are raising that their voices that. "I can't breathe, i can't breathe, I can't breathe please help me".
Writer :
RH Hussnain inam
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