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Organizational Review of Vital-Smarts

October 02, 2020

Review of the organization: Vital-Smarts

After the start of the industrial era, organizational structures started to emerge fastly with fast productivity pace, great structure, and a largescale network of employees. To help those organizations and companies, many services providing organizations appeared in the market as a training provider in the fields of communication, leadership skills, and habits change, and decision making. The target audiences of all such organizations are the industries and corporate sectors that are concerned about their business activities in the market, sales, overall productivity, or the organizations which are more related to public service sectors. These organizations perform research on the needs of their customers, analyze those researches, study all the factors, and plan the training sessions accordingly. The effects of their training sessions are often visible in the form of improved sales, higher ethical values in the employees, increased productivity of the company, and many others. Vital-smarts is also a training providing company that is serving from the last 35 years and helping different organizations to provide the research in any field and train their employees to achieve the required results in the field of sales, marketing, and others.

The company worked hard and performed so many researches on the topics of leadership, leadership qualities, and best practices to prove oneself worthy of any position, best habits to achieve, and provide solutions that help the individuals of all levels in any organization. Due to their unmatchable practices and competitive award-winning training offers, vital-smarts marked themselves as one of the best in the industry. The company emphasizes mainly on the crucial conversations and changing the habits to change the overall personality and shape it into something unique and increase the chances of success ultimately. These things are studied by vital-smarts and suggestions are often presented in terms of the prior research conducted on the aspects of communication, different types of communication, their impacts in different scenarios, and fruitful results of communications. Studies are also conducted on habits, their longlasting impacts, positive and negative perspectives of habits, and improvement of habits to attain the goals. These studies are presented in different sessions, group discussions, and one-to-one meetings. The primary aim of all the studies is to change the individuals to researched and designed shape to obtain certain results.

The company runs a few specialized courses and “crucial conversations online” is one of the best and most demanded training courses of the company. The audience of this course is the employees of different companies, fresh graduates, and youngsters with aims and goals to achieve. The training courses emphasize on the proper usage of different techniques to communicate, learn the dialogues skills, empower themselves with the talking techniques on any topic. Since words are attributed to the person’s action and individuals who are part of prestigious organizations or aiming to be part of any organization should possess higher communication skills. These skills turn into a person’s actions and become their habits in the long run which starts to define the personality of any individual. Vital-smarts offer all such individuals to attend their training session and learn from high rated demonstrators and top-rated performers with years of experience in different fields.

Currently, the company is offering discounted rates of almost 130$ until December 31st, 2020. Since this course is online, it allows the learners to have an opportunity to join any time, learn any time, and manage the course pace according to their own will. The course offers a complete 60 days of access to different resources and provides the students with a chance to use the company’s tools and resources to obtain any help in the future during their practical experiences. The notable outcomes of this course are individual skills which include persuasive speeches, better decision making, and improvement in the acceptance of situations leading towards resolution of conflicts and increase mutual understandings. At the organizational level, it provides improved team coordination, increases overall productivity, helps in reducing the passive and aggressive behaviors among the teammates. The abilities to resolve conflicts, improved trust among teammates, and other features of this program make it one of its kind with a lot of background research on the development of the course, and a lot of interest of the trainers in developing the course.

If the overall framework of this organization is studied, it would be evident that majorly it is divided into two parts. One part of the vital-smarts is responsible for research and developing the curriculums, methodologies, and analysis while the other part is closely associated with these researches and uses them to train. The diversity of the topics and importance of the organization can be understood by going through the news categories of the website.

There are various important pieces of articles that may affect positively and give amazing results. For example, an article published on January 13, 2020, emphasizes the improvement of personal accountability by adopting 12 new habits in 12 weeks. The idea sounds very good and shows uniqueness in sense of providing the practicality of the subject with respect to the easy and lenient time domain. Another article discusses the techniques to keep the political debates civil in the workplace or at formal gatherings and not indulge to an extent of dispute or serious conflict. Another task discussed an important aspect and addressed organizational employees as well as students of different levels about their participation in meetings and virtual meetings actively. The topic discusses various scenarios of meetings, their impacts, positive and negative ways of communication, and methods to participate in the meetings. There is another article that addresses the employers and provides them techniques to counter the challenges of pandemic and encourage them positively to have control over the organization. A study conducted by vital-smarts shows the results of online meetings, increased load, and increased ideas about the virtual aspect of meetings in almost 1097 adults. (intro to vital-smarts, web)

All these aspects show the diversity of vital-smarts researchers and depict on the positivity of the organizational mindset in conducting research in a broad variety of scenarios and obtaining the results accordingly. It also shows the amazing services even in the scenarios of the pandemic, and the commitment of the company to provide credible, best, and authentic services to its customers.

Even though the organization is working very well in different aspects, still it is not focusing on training the individuals about stress management, educating the individuals about depression management, and improving from the situations. Employers nowadays are requiring the employees to be stress-free and are analyzing the depression to observe the impacts on the work efficiency of the employees and overall productivity of the organization. Studies know that almost 90% of the employees had the impact of their depressive thoughts and stress on their commitment to work and customers. Similarly, almost 72.5% of the employees had an impact on their productivity due to job stress. There can be a range of reasons for stress during the job and likewise, a variety of methodologies and remedies can be applied to lessen the stress.( Ekienabor, E. 2019 )

Vital-smarts as an organization is required to perform deep research on different organizations, their employees, behaviors of their employees under normal conditions, under stress conditions, and different organizational pressures. Studies should also focus on the results of stress and their impacts on productivity and overall organizational progress. Then remedies and stress management techniques should be designed and delivered to the required candidates accordingly. Another aspect of this study can be expanding the research circle to the students and conducting research in the educational institute, studying the stress in students, and impacts on their performance. The study shows that 66% of students are stressed about their grading, 59% students are worried and face stress while taking any task and almost 37% reported to be stressed about their studies in general. These statistics require an organization with a solid background in research and training to take initiative, study, and research about the stress, factors of stress, and design possible remedies to counter them. The ever increasing rate of depression every coming day, their diverse impacts on the students and employees. ( Ekienabor, E. 2019)( Pascoe, M. C et al. 2020)

These services can be then provided to different organizations as well as independently by vital-smarts itself. Nowadays, vital-smarts are providing three different courses with discounted rates due to covid and other reasons, and similar principal can be followed to introduce new courses and consultancy about stress management, stress coping and impacts of stress on individuals of different backgrounds. The combination of training sessions in different domains will help the organization to strengthen its basis and flourish more in a versatile manner, on a wider skill, attracting a wider range of audience. These things are essential in this era of fast growth and modernism when things are at a click away to every individual but scattered at different forums and online platforms. A single platform will urge the audience to participate in different courses simultaneously and earn the benefits in maximum possible ways at suitable rates and with different discounted packages for attempting more than one course.

It can be concluded that vital-smarts is an amazing organization which is providing training in different fields, performing research, and designing specialized courses according to different fields and requirement of the organizations. But, the company is not performing any type of research on the stress, impacts of stress, stress management techniques, and many other things that are affecting the overall productivity of the employees and overall organizational performance. Hence, it is required that vital-smarts should work on these perspectives, and by doing so, not only their overall performance and revenue will increase. Organizations will also be having an option to hire vital smarts for their organizational training sessions and help them to improve the performance of their employees, increase coherence amount the workers, improve the ethical criteria of the company, and ultimately help to improve overall sales and productivity.

References:

1. Introduction of VitalSmarts [Introduction]. (n.d.). Editor, VitalSmarts. doi:https://www.vitalsmarts.com/about-us/

2. VitalSmarts. (n.d.). Retrieved October 2, 2020, from https://directory.trainingindustry.com/training-supplier/vitalsmarts/

3. Good Work Habits Stick Only When Leaders Step up to the Plate and Help. (n.d.). Retrieved October 2, 2020, from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/312930

4. Most People Are Supportive of #MeToo. But Will Workplaces Actually Change? (n.d.). Retrieved October 2, 2020, from https://hbr.org/2018/07/most-people-are-supportive-of-metoo-but-will-workplaces-actually-change

5. Ekienabor, E. (2019). IMPACT OF JOB STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’ PRODUCTIVITY AND COMMITMENT. 2, 124–133.

6. Pascoe, M. C., Hetrick, S. E., & Parker, A. G. (2020). The impact of stress on students in secondary school and higher education. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1596823

620 Eighth Avenue Manhattan, New York 10018

2nd October 2020.

The Editor,

The NewYork Times, NewYork, United States of America.

Sir,

It has been noticed that after the industrial revolution, with an increase in technology and innovation, depression and stress have increased drastically in individuals from different backgrounds. These individuals are either employees of different organizations or they are students of various colleges. Stress is deteriorating their mental capability, affecting their abilities to give their best, produce better results, or show an increase in productivity. Various organizations are providing services in terms of consultation and training sessions. Vital-Smarts also appears to be among the top few organizations that are performing really well in the field of training provision but is limited to only researching and training the individuals for better communication skills and gives consultation about leadership skills and adaptation of healthy habits.

I request the Vital-Smarts to research on the reasons for stress, stress management and stress coping techniques, impacts of employee’s stress on the productivity and business commitment, impacts of the stress on students and their learning abilities. It is also required that the company should design and arrange training sessions to educate the masses about the stress, disastrous impacts of stress, and possible remedies to counter the stress and ultimately increase their performance in real life.

Thank You.

Gratefully,

Students name

Email address

Address of residence

Watermelon

A nutritional benefits horticultural crop

watermelon is an important fruit crop.it is newly introduced for the highly economic importance .Watermelon contains high quantity of nutrients and minerals.which play an important role in human body.Watermelon seeds have also many health benefits due to the prescence of important amino acids ,fiber and mineral compounds.

introduction:

A watermelon is a type of edible fruit.it plays an important rule in the maintaining of human health.watermelon ia a botanically concidered fruit that belongs to family Cucurbitaceae.it has diff types.some varities have green color on the outside and a red pink flesh in the inside.some varities have yellow flesh and seed less.watermelon have diff shapes.many people like to eat watermelon in summer because they consider it cool and refreshing.it us second largest fruit in the world.it has great economic importance in the world.it is 29.6% million tones production in the world.

Physical characteristics:

It is large and in round shape.it has hairy leaves and have yellow flowers.the watermelon fruit has deep green thick or light green verticle stripes.the fruit color is inside is red with black seeds.flesh colors can be dark red ,red or yellow.in india about 25 varieties are grown.it has diff varieties name as: New hampshire midget,madhuri 64, black magic, sugar baby,Arka manik .

Watermelon varieties have 3 classes.open pollinated ,F1 hybrid,and seedless.

Cultivation:

Watermelon is grown on sandy soil.which have organic matter and have good drainage of water and have high PH range.PH range should be 6.5-7.5. In pakistan watermelon is started to cultivate in December .Watermelon is a warm season croup grown on subtropical and hot rigion areas.Temperature range is 24 -27C.the seed germinate best when the the temperature highers than 20C.

Plant and transplanting:

Watermelon can be direct seeded in the field or can be transplant in the form of nursery.and then transplanted in rhe field.seeds should be soaked in the warm water before sowing for 12 hours.3.5 kg of seed of watermelon is required for planting for one hactere area.the space in the rows should be 2 to 2.5 meters A part.

N 55 kg/hac P 55 kg/ hac and K also 55 kg/ hac should be apply after 30 days of sowing.

Weeds and insect control:

The weeds depends on the season .there are 2to 3 weeding operations are required.the first weeding should be done after 20 to 25 days of sowing.where as the remaining weeding is done at any time of the month.the leaf -eating beetles are the biggest watermelon pest.these damage the flowers.,the main problem of growing watermelon is milldew.A fungus makes the flowers as they are coated with white powder.

Harvesting and storage:

The crop is done to ready for harvest in about 75 to 100 days after sowing.for local market harvest should be done when the crop is full mature.and if want for transporting to distant marketes then the crop should be done slightly earlier.watermelons can be stored for 15 days at 15C.the watermelons can not be stored with apples and bananas because the ethylene can be produced during storage from these fruits.because they softness the fruit and produced off flavour to the watermelons.

Nutritional value of fresh watermelon.

Watermelon is one of the common fruit that consumed in many countries.watermelon contains more than 91% of water and up to 7% of carbohydrates.

Nutrient value per 100 g of flesh.

Component

Nutrient value

% of recommended daily allownce

Energy

30Kcl

1.5%

Carbohydrates

7.6 g

6%

Protein

0.6 g

1%

Total fat

0.15 g

0.5%

Dietry fiber

0.4 g

1%

Vitamins:Niacin

0.178 mg

1%

Vitamin A

569 mg

19%

Vitamin C

8.1mg

13.5%

Electrolysis:potassium

Iron

Manganese

Zinc

112 mg

0.24 mg

0.038 mg

0.10 mg

2.5%

3%

1.5%

1%

Health benefits:

Heart health:watermelon plays an important rule in the damaaging of heart patients.it contains high level kf lycopene that protect cells from damage.and lower the health of heart disease.potassium is an important component of cell and body that controles heart rate and blood pressure.

hydration and dygesstion: watermelon is a best example of fruit that helps you to stay hydrated. It contains fiber that encourge a healthy digestive tract and helps to kerp you regular.

Skin and hair benefits:vitamin A helps to kerp skin and hair moisturized and it also encourage healthy growth of new elastin cells.Vitamin C is also beneficial in this regard.that promotes healthy collagen growth.

Cancer prvention: As the other fruits an vegetables watermelon is also helpfull in the reducing of cancer through the antioxient properties.Vitamin A is known to protect from lungs and cancer.

Body temperature:watermelon maintain the body temperature of the human.And it helps to clean your kidney.

Conclusion:-

Watermelon is a very good source of important nutrative components and contains a very high concentrations of nutrients for human consumpsion.it also contains diff components in medical values.it would be effective in health care management watermelon rind and seed is a rich source of an important amino acid and minerals.

Authors:

Mian ibtisam latif&Dr.muhammad yaseen

Department of agriculture extention

College of agriculture.university of sargodha

How Video Game Industry has Evolved over the Years

The video game industry is the economic sector involved in the development, marketing and monetization of video games. It encompasses dozens of job disciplines and its component parts employ thousands of people worldwide.

The beginning

Prior to 1970’s there were no significant commercial aspects of the video game industry. The development of cathode ray-tube the core technology behind television created several of the first video game. In 1947 Thomas T Gold Smith Jr and Este Ray Mann filed a “patent for cathode ray tube amusement device”. Their game which uses a cathode ray tube hooked to an oscilloscope display challenges player to fire a gun at target.

One of the first known example is space war developed by Harvard and MIT employees Martin, Gratez, Steve Rusell and Wayne Wittanen. In 1971 the arcade game computer space was released. The following year Atari released the first commercial successful video game, Pong the original arcade version which sold over 19000. The same year saw the introduction of video games to the home market with the release of early video games console the Magnavox Odyssey.

The industry would eventually be revitalized by the release of Nintendo Entertainment system, which resulted in home console market being dominated by Japanese companies such as Nintendo Switch. The Nintendo entertainment system released in 1985 helped to revive the American video games industry after the video game crashed in 1983. The latter part of the decade saw the rise of Gameboy handled system. In 1990 the PlayStation was the most popular video game console of the fifth generation which saw the common adoption of CD media. The six generation Play Station 2 is the best-selling console of all time.

21st Century Development

In 2000 the video game industry is a judgment of development; profit still drives technological advancement which is then used by other industry sectors. Technologies such as Smartphones, virtual reality augmented reality are major drives for game hardware and game development. The 2010’s have seen a larger shift to casual and mobile gaming, in 2016 the mobile video game market is estimated to have taken $38 billion in revenues compared to $6 billion for the console market and $33 billion for personal computer gaming.

Major Companies

Sony CE is the most financially successful video game company in the world. Sony has built around the high successful PlayStation console. SCE was founded in Tokyo on November 16 1993.

Nintendo is an oldest company; they came into known in US as the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1985. After this came the Nintendo 64, the Gameboy all of the highly beloved game consoles, games and character that Nintendo is known for.

Electronic Art, often abbreviated EA, is also worth mentioning for its age. It is one of the oldest software companies that have remained a successful business. It was originally founded in 1982, and it is best known for its sport representation and in its yearly games like NFL, NBA and FIFA.

In 1999 BMG games was taken over by Take-Two Interactive and Rockstar game was born. The development company is most well-known for its Grand Theft Auto series. In 2014, Rockstar shipped more than 250 million copies of its games. Rockstar is also responsible for the popular and highly praised Red Dead series. While all of their game has a similar style and feel, they are all pretty unique from the main market of games.

Potomac Computer Systems was founded by Tim Sweeny in 1991 while he was a student at University of Maryland. Potomac turned into Epic Mega games, an attempt to make this one person studio seem larger. In 2012 the company moved to a new “game as a service” business model that has now become popular and announced a new game called Fortnite. It wasn’t until 2017 the Fortnite was made public. Fortnite’s battle royal mode quickly gained audience. Epic managed to break new ground by convincing Sony to allow cross play with Windows and Xbox and eventually all platforms.

Video game industry earns more than Movies and Music industry

The video game industry is growing so fast that some believe that it will reach $300 billion by 2025. With billions of dollar profit and over 2.5 billion games around the world. The new trends free- to play online video games such as Fortnite and Apex Legends. Since it is completely free to register and play these games some people think that the gaming industry isn’t making much money of them. The free to play game such as Fortnite still brings in billions of dollars in revenue each year. The video game industry generated worldwide sales of $19.8 billion, $20.8 billion in 1994 and estimated ton $30 billion in 1998. Consider the top blockbuster movie to date Avengers Endgame. When it premiered on April on 16 it raked in over US $858,373,000 during its opening weekend. It even surpassed last year’s Avengers Infinity war which generated US $678,865,428 in gross revenue. These films received so much attention and hype from the public; they failed to outperform the highest grossing entertainment launch in history. Grand Theft Auto V earned US $1 billion in just over three days in 2013 when it was released.

Written by

Abdul Moeez Mirza

Pakistan top’s as Tourist Destination

A country with diverse cultures and natural beauty, Pakistan is a heaven for any tourist. From snowcapped peaks and frozen lakes to serene valleys and beautiful shores, interspersed with the ruins of ancient civilizations and Mughal monuments, Pakistan is full of breathtaking views.

Moreover, the religious sites of Hindus and Sikhs are a source of attraction for pilgrims. Religious tourism plays a vital part in boosting economic activities in the country. Old Hindu and Sikh Temples, mainly the shrine of Guru Nanak, are visited by thousands. With the opening of the Kartarpur Corridor, even more religious tourists will arrive in Pakistan.

In addition to all this, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is another opportunity Pakistan should be looking to make most out of in order to increase its tourism. Under CPEC, numerous infrastructure and power projects are being developed in the country, which will offer more facilities to travelers. In addition, the Chinese spend a great share of their earnings on sightseeing and easier travel to Pakistan will encourage them to visit the country and avail themselves of its natural beauty.

Pakistan has clear attractions for locals and foreigners alike. But terrorism and a lack of facilities had hamstrung tourism in Pakistan in the past. Previous governments did not bother much boosting this potential industry. They spent little effort to highlight the positive image of the country and neglected the essential steps needed to enhance the tourism sector. Foreigners hesitated to visit Pakistan, considering it a war-stricken, intolerant, and ultraconservative country.

But, recently, there has been a laudable improvement in the tourism industry. Enhanced security conditions are perhaps the key reason for ever-increasing numbers of tourists.

Another important development is a new visa policy, which offers e-visas and visa on arrival to tourists. Pakistan has also abolished the requirement for No-Objection Certificates (NOCs) to visit certain parts of the country. Besides this, the government is also converting its rest houses and palatial buildings to hotels, offering more charming accommodations to visitors. The Tourism Coordination Board is yet another measure taken to capitalize on the potential of Pakistan’s tourism sector and increase the inflow of wealth in the country.

Likewise, the growing hospitality industry of Pakistan is building up the trust of sightseers. International hotel chains are expanding their services and the entrepreneurs are launching innovative ways to serve guests.

Alongside these developments, international travel bloggers and vloggers are visiting the country and showing the true nature of Pakistan and the hospitality of its people. The revival of sports in Pakistan is also helping to clear the security concerns.

These developments have helped to present a softer image of the country. The high-profile royal visit by the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge contributed to this trend.

As a result of all these factors, some of the world’s most reputable magazines and societies are encouraging people to tour Pakistan. Forbes considered Pakisytan to be “one of the coolest places to go” in 2019. In 2017, the British Backpacker Society, in ranking Pakistan as its best adventure travel destination, described it as “one of the friendliest countries on earth, with mountain scenery that is beyond anyone’s wildest imagination.”

The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf government's efforts to promote tourism promotion have started yielding results as Traveller by Condè Nast, one of the world's best travel portals, has listed Pakistan as one of the top tourist destinations for 2020. Though more tourists are visiting Pakistan now, still there’s a long way to go.

The number of extremely tall mountains in the region — “more than China and Nepal combined”. Even the drive north on the Karakoram Highway wins praise. The opportunity to mingle with the Kalash people was also mentioned.

Southern parts of the country did not earn much praise, save for Lahore and, indirectly, other cities and towns in Punjab and K-P featuring “Mughal-era architectural masterpieces. While many a Karachiite would be deeply offended that their city did not even get a mention, it is more surprising that areas such as Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, and many other locations with historical value were overlooked. It was probably space restrictions for the article. Still, it would be best if our tourism managers at federal and provincial levels look into what can be done to encourage tourism in such places and eco-tourism elsewhere. The piece reserves special praise for the Gilgit-Baltistan and the north in general while taking note of.

Even though tourism in Pakistan is on the rise, there are several remaining concerns for vacationers that need to be addressed by the government. A better international portrayal of Pakistan is also needed to help its nascent tourism industry.

Let us hope that the positive steps in this regard will continue, governmental efforts will bear sweet fruits, and Pakistan will become the dream destination of every nature-lover.

Written by

Abdul Moeez Mirza

The Kashmir Issue

The word Kashmir was derived from the ancient Sanskrit language was referred to as Kasmira. A valley between the great Himalayan range and Pir Panjal mountain range, Kashmir is a place of beautiful simplicity and pristine natural beauty. Kashmir is painted with a unique culture that keeps you intrigued throughout the journey, from Srinagar to Somagar and Gulmarg to Pahalgam. Kashmir has a variety of terrains ranging from lakes, snow-capped mountains, and coniferous kissed hills to glaciers fed rivers. Kashmir is covered with wild untouched terrain and on others, there are fields of saffron and orchards of apples awaiting their full bloom. There are a variety of flowers, some people compare Kashmir with Switzerland.

The Kashmir issue is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan and China as the third-party role over the Kashmir region. The conflict started after the partition of India in 1947 as both India and Pakistan claimed the entire of the former princely state of Jammu Kashmir with Pakistan recognizing Chinese sovereignty over the Trans Karakoram tract and Aksai Chin since 1963. The region escalated into three wars between India, Pakistan and several other armed skirmishes. India controls 55% of land area of the region that includes Jammu, Kashmir valley, most of Ladakh, the Siachen glacier and 70% of its population. Pakistan controls 30% of the area includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan while China controls the remaining 15% of the land area that includes the Aksai Chin region, the mostly uninhabited Tran-Karakoram track and Demchok sector.

Partition

From 1846 to 1947 partition of India Kashmir was ruled by Mahajras of Ghulab Singh Dogra dynasty as a princely state under the British Paramountcy. According to the 1941 census, the state’s population was 77 percent Muslims, 20 percent Hindus and 3% others Sikhs and Buddhist. The princely rule was an overwhelming a Hindu-dominated state. According to 1947 India Independence Act states were left to choose whether to join India or Pakistan or to remain independent. Jammu and Kashmir, the largest of princely state had a predominantly Muslim population ruled by Hindu Maharaja Hari Singh. He decided to stay independent because he expected that the state’s Muslim will be unhappy with accession to India and the Hindus and Sikhs would become vulnerable if he joined Pakistan. Pakistan made various efforts to persuade the Maharaja of Kashmir to join Pakistan.

The Indo-Pakistan war 1948

Rebel forces from the western districts of the state and Pakistan Pakhtoon tribesmen made rapid advance into the Baramulla sector in the Kashmir valley, National conference volunteers worked with the Indian Army to drive out the raiders. The Pakistan army made available arms, ammunition and supplies to rebel forces who were dubbed the “Azad Army''. Pakistani army officers were conveniently on leave and the former officers of the Indian national Army were recruited to command the forces. In May 1948, Pakistan army officially entered the conflict to defend the Pakistan border .Prime Minister Liaquat Ali khan and to refer the dispute to The United Nations under the article of 35 of the UN charter, which allow the member states to bring Security Council attention way to endanger the maintenance of International peace. On 21 April 1948 UN Security Council passed resolution 47. The measure called for an immediate cease-fire and called on the Government of Pakistan to secure the withdrawal from the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

The Indo-Pakistan war 1965

On 1 September, Pakistan launched an attack across the Cease Fire Line, targeting Akhnoor in an effort to cut Indian communications into Kashmir. In response, India broadened the war by launching an attack on Pakistani Punjab across the international border. The war lasted until 23 September, ending in a stalemate. Following the Tashkent Agreement, both the sides withdrew to their pre-conflict positions, and agreed not to interfere in each other's internal affairs.

Simla Agreement

The Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 led to loss for Pakistan of a military and surrender in East Pakistan. Bangladesh was created as a separate state with India’s support and India emerged as a clear regional power in South Asia. Accordingly, the Simla Agreement was formulated and signed by the two countries whereby the countries resolved to settle their differences by peaceful means through bilateral negotiations and to maintain the sanctity of line of control. It was decided that the negotiations will be made by both sides not by the UN.

The 1999 Kargil Conflict

In mid-1999 alleged instruments and Pakistani soldiers from Pakistan Kashmir infiltrated Jammu and Kashmir. During the winter season, Indian forces regularly move down to lower altitudes to serve climatic conditions makes it almost impossible for them to guard the high peaks near the line of control. This results in a large-scale conflict between India and Pakistan armies. Fears of Kargil turning into a nuclear war provoked the United States President Bill Clinton to pressure Pakistan to retreat. The Pakistan army withdraws their remaining troops from the area; ending the conflict India regains control of Kargil peaks.

21st Century developments

India continues to assert its sovereignty or rights over the entire region of Kashmir, while Pakistan maintains that it is disputed territory. Pakistan argues that the status cannot be considered as a solution and further insists on a UN sponsor Plebiscite. In 2005 General Musharraf sought to resolve the Kashmir issue through the Chenab Formula road map. The Chenab formula assigns Ladakh to India, Gilgit-Baltistan to Pakistan, proposes a plebiscite in the Kashmir valley and splits Jammu into two halves.

According to the government of India Home ministry 2008 was the year with the lowest civilian casualties in 20 years with 89 deaths compared to a high of 1413 in 1996. In 2009 protest started over the alleged rape and murder of two young women in Shopian in South Kashmir. Suspicion pointed towards the police as predators. A judicial inquiry by a retired high court official confirmed but a CBI inquiry reversed their conclusion. The 2010 Kashmir unrest was a series of protest in the Muslim majority Kashmir valley in Jammu and Kashmir which started in June 2010. The protest involved the “Quit Jammu And Kashmir Movement”.

The attack by four militants on an Indian army base on 18 September 2016 also known as the 2016 Uri attack resulted in the death of 19 soldiers as well as the militants themselves. Although no one claimed the responsibility for the attack, the Indian authorities suspected the involvement of Jaish-e-Mohammad militant group. Indians blamed that Pakistan was involved, the Indian Motion Picture Producers Association decided to suspend work with Pakistan. The Pakistani government “denied any role in cross border terrorism and called on the United Nation and the International community to investigate atrocities it alleged have been committed by security forces in an Indian ruled Kashmir.

Article 370 India gaining control over Kashmir

Article 370 of the Indian Constitution gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir, it is the region located in the northern part of Indian Subcontinent. From 1954 to 2019 India administered a large region of Kashmir which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan and China since 1947. On 5 August 2019, the government of India issued a constitutional order superseding the 1954 order, and making all provisions of the Indian constitution applicable to Jammu and Kashmir based on the resolution passed in both houses of India’s parliament with 2/3 majority. After this the people in Kashmir started protesting in response to stop this large scale protest the Indian government imposed lockdown till now it has been 11 months to the lockdown. During lockdown more than thousands of people have lost their lives and women are brutally raped. Recently the Indian soldiers in front of a three year old boy killed his grandfather.

Pakistan View

Pakistan maintains that Kashmir is the "jugular vein of Pakistan" and a currently disputed territory whose final status must be determined by the people of Kashmir. Pakistan's claims to the disputed region are based on the rejection of Indian claims to Kashmir, namely the Instrument of Accession. Pakistan insists that the Maharaja was not a popular leader, and was regarded as a tyrant by most Kashmiris. Pakistan maintains that the Maharaja used brute force to suppress the population.

Pakistan claims that Indian forces were in Kashmir before the Instrument of Accession was signed with India, and that therefore Indian troops were in Kashmir in violation of the Standstill Agreement, which was designed to maintain the status quo in Kashmir (although India was not signatory to the Agreement, which was signed between Pakistan and the Hindu ruler of Jammu and Kashmir).

India View

India has officially stated that it believes Kashmir to be an integral part of India, though the then Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh, stated after the 2010 Kashmir Unrest that his government was willing to grant autonomy to the region within the purview of Indian constitution if there was consensus among political parties on this issue.

Written by

Abdul Moeez Mirza

#Bycott France #We canoot tolerate any words against our last prophet Muhammad (pbuh). So we want justice.

· Is global warming is far big to me to help tackle

Here’s a straightforward meaning of an Earth-wide temperature boost. (Also, indeed, it's truly occurring.) Over the previous 50 years, the normal worldwide temperature has expanded at the quickest rate in written history. Also, specialists see the pattern is quickening: All however one of the 16 most sizzling a very long time in NASA's 134-year record have happened since 2000.

Environmental change deniers have contended that there has been a "delay" or a "log jam" in rising worldwide temperatures, yet a few late examinations, including a 2015 paper distributed in the diary Science, have discredited this case. What's more, researchers state that except if we check a worldwide temperature alteration outflows, normal U.S. temperatures could increment by up to 10 degrees Fahrenheit throughout the following century.

Causes:

An Earth-wide temperature boost happens when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air contaminations and ozone harming substances gather in the air and assimilate daylight and sunlight based radiation that have skipped off the world's surface. Typically, this radiation would escape into space—however these contaminations, which can keep going for a considerable length of time to hundreds of years in the climate, trap the warmth and cause the planet to get more sweltering. That is what's known as the nursery impact.

In the United States, the consuming of petroleum derivatives to make power is the biggest wellspring of warmth catching contamination, delivering around two billion tons of CO2 consistently. Coal-consuming force plants are by a wide margin the greatest polluters. The nation's second-biggest wellspring of carbon contamination is the transportation area, which produces about 1.7 billion tons of CO2 discharges a year. Controlling perilous environmental change requires extremely profound cuts in emanations, just as the utilization of options in contrast to non-renewable energy sources around the world. Fortunately we've begun a turnaround: CO2 discharges in the United States really diminished from 2005 to 2014, thanks to some degree to new, vitality productive innovation and the utilization of cleaner powers. What's more, researchers keep on growing better approaches to modernize power plants, create cleaner power, and consume less fuel while we drive. The test is to be certain these arrangements are put to utilize and broadly embraced.

How is an unnatural weather change connected to outrageous climate?

A: Scientists concur that the world's rising temperatures are energizing longer and more smoking warmth waves, increasingly visit dry spells, heavier precipitation, and all the more remarkable storms. In 2015, for instance, researchers said that a continuous dry spell in California—the state's most exceedingly awful water lack in 1,200 years—had been heightened by 15 percent to 20 percent by a dangerous atmospheric devation. They additionally said the chances of comparative dry spells occurring later on had generally multiplied over the previous century. What's more, in 2016, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine reported that it's currently conceivable to unhesitatingly quality certain climate occasions, similar to some warmth waves, legitimately to environmental change.

other effects of Global warming;

Dissolving icy masses, early snowmelt, and extreme dry seasons will cause increasingly emotional water deficiencies and increment the danger of out of control fires in the American West.

Rising ocean levels will prompt beach front flooding on the Eastern Seaboard, particularly in Florida, and in different territories, for example, the Gulf of Mexico.

Woods, homesteads, and urban communities will confront problematic new bugs, heat waves, substantial deluges, and expanded flooding. Each one of those elements will harm or pulverize farming and fisheries.

Interruption of environments, for example, coral reefs and Alpine glades could drive many plant and creature species to termination.

Sensitivities, asthma, and irresistible infection episodes will turn out to be increasingly regular because of expanded development of dust creating ragweed, more elevated levels of air contamination, and the spread of conditions great for pathogens and mosquitoes

Precautary measurement of different countries:

. As of late, China has started to lead the pack in an unnatural weather change contamination, creating around 28 percent of all CO2 outflows. The United States comes in second. Regardless of making up only 4 percent of the total populace, we produce an incredible 16 percent of all worldwide CO2 emanations—as much as the European Union and India (third and fourth spot) joined. Also, America is as yet number one, by a wide margin, in total discharges in the course of recent years. Our duty matters to different nations, and it should matter to us, as well.

A: We've begun. However, so as to evade the most noticeably terrible impacts of environmental change, we have to do significantly progressively—along with different nations—to lessen our reliance on petroleum products and begin utilizing clean vitality.

In 2015, the U.S. Ecological Protection Agency swore to lessen carbon contamination from our capacity plants by almost a third by 2030, comparative with 2005 levels, through its Clean Power Plan. In any case, quick forward to 2017, and under the Trump Administration, the EPA proposed canceling this basic instrument for controlling environmental change.

Is a worldwide temperature alteration too enormous of an issue for me to help tackle

A: Wondering how to stop a worldwide temperature alteration? Diminish your own carbon impression by following a couple of simple advances. Make preserving vitality a piece of your every day schedule and your choices as a shopper. At the point when you search for new apparatuses like coolers, washers, and dryers, search for items with the administration's Energy Star mark; they fulfill a higher guideline for vitality proficiency than the base government prerequisites. At the point when you purchase a vehicle, search for one with the most noteworthy gas mileage and least discharges. You can likewise diminish your outflows by taking open transportation or carpooling whenever the situation allows

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Syeda sana Ahsan