Weather forecast Peshgāh Pakistan

Biology Quotes:

• If physics and biology one day meet, and one of the two is swallowed up, that one will be biology

• Genetics is crude, but neuroscience goes directly to work on the brain, and the mind follow

• From my studies of genetics and neuroscience I have come to believe that people fall into four broad personality types - each influenced by a different brain chemical: I call them the Explorer, Builder, Director, and Negotiator

• The genetics of autism are real, but there are also environmental triggers

• The power of biological weapons is ten times more than the nuclear power. Unless we act fast with an open mind, any one of them can extinct the human race

Water memory and Biological Application:

Author: Umair Masood

water memory is ability of water to retain a memory of solute particle after large serial dilution. The role of water memory and electromagnetic waves (EMS) not only theoretical interest but lead to many molecular biology applications. On 13 July 2005 Jacques benveniste and his team detect an electromagnetic signal in water dilution, DR.Jamal aisan his team member observes for first time increasing the frequency of recorded electrical signal emitting by some high dilution of filters of bacteria this was the beginning of water memory research. Soon discover that DNA is a main source of electromagnetic signal in water. The diversity of the DNA sequences emitting EMS does not show any clue however we studies HIV infected patient the electromagnetic waves is emitting by HIV DNA. We detect electromagnetic signal filter at 100 nm pores produce by DNA by intracellular bacterium found in red blood cell these bacteria electromagnetic signal was found to produce in part by human DNA sequence combine in strongly related with bacterial DNA. The same DNA sequence belonging to the chromosomal DNA of the same patient never produce electromagnetic signal. However same sequence was present in red blood cells of someone healthy one

A formerly reported an experiment show that the ability of electromagnetic signal production can be transmitted from tube 1 contain at emitting DNA dilution to tube 2 of water provided the system is excited over night by electromagnetic waves approximately 7Hz.Tube 1 transmitted to the water in tube 2 which cannot have any trace of DNA. The emission of electromagnetic waves exposed tube is resonance phenomena on external waves input. The electromagnetic signal carry specific information of the initial DNA as indicating retrieving the DNA by PCR in the recipient tube. Electromagnetic signal was recorded as a digital file and sent via internet. And University of Göttingen using a record file. The digital file was converted to analog and was amplified. The current was connected to solenoid tube of water inserted in the solenoid and in this way was submitted to the induced modulated magnetic field for one hour. Then pcr ingredient were introduce in water from the tube after 40 Pcr cycle the original DNA was detected as show by a specific band in gel electrophoresis of the expected molecular weight.

Insert a new gene without CRISPR CAS9 Gene editing technique using DNA repairing mechanism:

Author: Umair Masood

A few years ago, some researchers realized that they could use CRISPR cas9 to gene-editing tools. A part of DNA I like to change if I know the sequence of a gene. I can build a CRISPR

that carry a matching code. one inside the cell CRISPR cas9 will scan the DNA until it finds that exact spots. when it does, it cut the DNA right there. now I have the broken gene I can inserted new sequence into the gap.Insert a new gene without Crispr system technique is a combination of two methods: restriction digestion and DNA repair method.Restriction digestion also called restriction endonuclease is a process in which DNA is cut at specific sites.In restriction digestion find the gene that need to be remove from DNA to replace the new gene by using restriction digestion enzyme.In order to analysis restriction digestion site we can use a different bioinformatic tools.DNA repair is a process in which cell identifies and corrects damage DNA using Template DNA and enzymes.During the repair process cell is looking for Template DNA to figure out how to fill in the gene that was cut.After restriction digestion cell repair machinery fixes the break by using our Template DNA and then cell has a new DNA sequence.

Incredibly beautiful city in China.

Guangzhou is a huge port city northwest of Hong Kong, lying on the Pearl River. The city is famous for its avant-garde buildings, including the Guangzhou Opera House, designed by architect Zaha Hadid and resembling a sea-stone rounded by the sea, Guangdong Provincial Museum, which looks like a box with slots, and a television tower in the form of thin hourglasses. The Guangdong Folk Museum was opened in the Chen Ancestral Temple, founded in 1894.

US President Donald Trump refers to a law allowing the army to suppress riots, the military says the army cannot be used inside the US

Donald Trump promised to deploy troops in response to ongoing protests in many cities around the country.

Yesterday, the president called the violent protests “domestic terrorist acts,” which should be suppressed by law enforcement.

"If a city or state refuses to take the necessary actions to protect the lives and property of its inhabitants, I will deploy the United States troops and quickly solve the problem for them," Trump said. He referred to the Uprising Act of 1807, which allows the president to use troops to suppress riots.

At the same time, CNN Pentagon interlocutors talked about the deep and growing concern among the military that arose even before Trump’s statement. Some military officials said the situation does not require the deployment of troops unless state governors provide convincing arguments that this is necessary.

"I would very much like local law enforcement officers to take responsibility," said a spokesman for the Department of Defense, citing laws prohibiting armies from performing law enforcement functions within the United States.

Are the online studies valuable to students?

There has been a press release on 15

April, 2020 by the consent students of University of Cape Coast, Ghana to share their grievances on the government's decision to study via e -learning.

It is obvious that the government is doing it best to provide quality education to their future leaders as they decide on an online studies in a time like this. Due to the pandemic virus, Covid-19 that has slowed down all activities, it was of course a good initiative by the government to introduce e learning platforms for students.

But have they thought of students living in remote areas with poor network service, and even they should support us with us with data. In as much as they can. Because our parents whom we rely are also home not working especially those in the lock-down areas such as Accra and Dumas. Students are in psychological trauma and emotional too. It is however unfair if these measures are not taken into consideration.

In view of these there has been a press release to appeal to the government and administration to tackle these issues very well.

دنیا بھر میں کورونا کا شور اور خوف ہے لیکن بعض غذائیں ایسی ہیں جو جسم کے قدرتی دفاعی نظام کو مضبوط بنا کر آپ کو کئی طرح کے امراض سے بچاسکتی ہیں اور قوی امید ہے کہ اس سے جسم میں کورونا وائرس سے لڑنے کیخلاف بھی مزاحمت پیدا ہوسکتی ہے۔

لیکن یہ بات اسی جگہ ختم نہیں ہوتی کیونکہ جسمانی امنیاتی نظام ہمہ وقت کئی امراض اور بیماریوں سے مسلسل لڑتا رہتا ہے۔ اسی مناسبت سے عام دستیاب غذائیں آپ کو طویل عرصے تک تندرست رکھنے میں مددگار ثابت ہوسکتی ہیں۔

ذیل میں جو غذائیں دی جارہی ہیں وہ عام حالات میں بھی کئی امراض سے محفوظ رکھتی ہیں جن میں فلو، جاڑا لگنا اور نزلہ و زکام وغٰیرہ شامل ہیں۔ یہ تمام غذائیں آپ کے جسم کو وائرس کے خلاف طاقتور بناتی ہیں۔

کھٹے رس دار پھل

وٹامن سی پورے امنیاتی نظام کو طاقتور بناتا ہے۔ وٹامن سی خون کے سفید خلیات کی پیداوار بڑھاتا ہے اور ہر طرح کے انفیکشن سے لڑتا ہے۔

اس لیے نارنگی، گریپ فروٹ، نارنجی اور لیموں وغیرہ کا رس پینے سے بدن میں وٹامن سی کی مقدار بڑھ جاتی ہے اور امنیاتی نظام مضبوط ہوتا ہے۔

سرخ شملہ مرچیں

غذائی ماہرین کے مطابق شملہ نما سرخ مرچوں میں بھی وٹامن سی کی بھرپور مقدار پائی جاتی ہے۔ ان میں بی ٹا کیروٹین کی اچھی مقدار موجود ہوتی ہے جس سے جسم بیماریوں اور وائرس سے لڑنے کے قابل بنتا ہے۔ ایک اونس مرچوں میں نارنجی سے دوگنی مقدار میں وٹامن سی پایا جاتا ہے۔ اس کا ایک فائدہ یہ ہے کہ وٹامن سی جلد اور آنکھوں کے لیے بھی بہت مفید ہے۔

شاخ گوبھی

بروکولی یا شاخ گوبھی کو اب ’سپرفوڈ‘ کا درجہ حاصل ہوچکا ہے۔ یہ سبزی اب پاکستان میں بھی دستیاب ہے اور وٹامن اے، سی اور ای کے ساتھ ساتھ اینٹی آکسیڈنٹس، فائبر اور دیگر مفید اجزا سے مالامال ہے۔ شاخ گوبھی کو کچا کھایا جائے تو زیادہ فائدہ ہوسکتا ہے جبکہ اس کے کھانے ہمارا امنیاتی نظام بہت طاقتور ہوسکتا ہے۔

لہسن

برصغیر کے کھانوں میں لہسن عام استعمال ہوتا ہے اور ہر تہذیب میں ہزاروں سال سے استعمال ہوتا رہا ہے۔ قدیم طب میں ہی لہسن کو کئی بیماریوں اور انفیکشن سے بچاؤ کا بہترین نسخہ قرار دیا جاتا رہا ہے۔ پھر لہسن کولیسٹرول اور بلڈ پریشر کو معمول پر رکھتا ہے جس کے سائنسی ثبوت بھی مل چکے ہیں۔

لہسن میں ایک حیرت انگیز مرکب پایا جاتا ہے جو سلفر کے خاندان سے تعلق رکھتا ہے۔ اس مرکب کو ایلیسین کہا جاتا ہے۔ سائنس سے ثابت ہوچکا ہے کہ ایلیسین مختلف طریقوں سے جسمانی دفاعی نظام کو مضبوط کرتا ہے۔

ادرک

لہسن کے بعد ادرک بھی ہمارے کھانوں میں شامل عام شےہے۔ ادرک جسمانی سوزشن کو کم کرتی ہے اور غنودگی کو دور کرنے میں بہترین ثابت ہوئی ہے۔ دوسری جانب گلے کے تکلیف اور سانس کی رکاوٹ دور کرنے میں بھی اس کا کوئی ثانی نہیں۔ اس میں شامل بعض اجزا کئی امراض سے بچاتے ہیں۔

پالک

پالک بھی وٹامن سی سے بھرپور ہے اور اس میں بھی بی ٹا کیروٹین اور دیگر اہم اجزا پائے جاتے ہیں جن میں انتہائی مفید اینٹی آکسیڈنٹس بھی ہوتے ہیں۔ اس میں موجود آکزیلک ایسڈ کئی انفیکشن سے بچاتا ہے اور یوں وائرس سے بھی محفوظ رکھ سکتا ہے۔

دہی

دہی کئی طرح سے انتہائی مفید ہے کیونکہ اس میں وٹامن ڈی کی بھرپور مقدار پائی جاتی ہے اور وٹامن ڈی کئی طرح کی بیماریوں سے بچا کر امنیاتی نظام کو مضبوط بناتا ہے۔ دہی میں چینی ، پھل اور شہد ملاکر کھائیں اور اپنے قدرتی دفاعی نظام کو مزید طاقتور بنائیں۔

ہلدی

ہلدی کو بھی اب ’سپرفوڈ‘ میں شامل کیا گیا ہے۔ اس میں ایک جادوئی مرکب ’سرکیومن‘ کئی طرح کے کینسر کے خلاف مفید ثابت ہوچکا ہے ۔ شوخ پیلے رنگ کی ہلدی جوڑوں کے درد اور اندرونی سوزش کو دور کرنے میں اپنا ثانی نہیں رکھتی۔ لیکن سرکیومن کی ایک خاصیت یہ بھی ہے کہ وہ ہرطرح سے جسم کو بیماریوں کے خلاف مضبوط بناتی ہے۔ اس لیے ہلدی کا استعمال جاری رکھیں۔

سبزچائے

سبز چائے کئی طرح کی معدنیات، فلے وینوئڈز، اینٹی آکسیڈنٹس، اور دیگر مفید اجزا سے اٹا اٹ بھری ہوئی ہے۔

اس میں ایک طرح کا طاقتور اینٹی آکسیڈنٹ ای جی سی جی بھرپور مقدار میں موجود ہوتا ہےجو امنیاتی نظام کو طاقتور بناتا ہے۔ سبز چائے میں ایک اور طاقتور امائنو ایسڈ ایل تھینائن پایا جاتا ہے جو جسم کے اندر جاکر ٹی خلیات کو مضبوط کرکے بیماریوں سے لڑنے کے قابل بناتا ہے۔

’ٹرننگ پوائنٹ :

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اشفاق احمد کہتے ہیں کہ نیا نیا دین پڑھنا شروع کیا تھا۔ نمازیں وقت پر ادا ہونے لگیں۔ اذکار، نوافل، تلاوتِ قرآن، میوزک کی جگہ دینی لیکچرز، پردہ، ایک کے بعد ایک تبدیلی ۔۔۔ زندگی میں سکون تو تھا ہی لیکن اب سکون کی انتہا ہونے لگی۔ تشکر سے دل بھر گیا۔ جہاں ایک طرف سب کچھ Perfection کی طرف جا رہا تھا، وہاں ساتھ ہی ایک بہت بڑی خرابی نے ہلکے ہلکے دل میں سر اٹھانا شروع کیا۔

تکبر!

جی۔ یہی شیطان کی چالیں ہیں۔ اول تو وہ دین کی طرف آنے نہیں دیتا۔ اگر اس مرحلے میں ناکام ہو جائے تو ریا کاری کروا کے نیکی ضائع کرواتا ہے ، دل میں تکبر ڈال کر ضائع کرواتا ہے۔ مجھے یہ تو نظر آتا تھا کہ فلاں نے تین ہفتے سے نمازِ جمعہ ادا نہیں کی تو اس کے دل پر مہر لگ گئی ہے، مجھے یہ بھول جاتا تھا کہ اللّٰہ تعالٰی نے ساری زندگی زنا کرنے والی اس عورت کو پیاسے کتے کو پانی پلانے پر بخش دیا۔ مجھے یہ تو دکھائی دیتا کہ فلاں لڑکی نے پردہ نہیں کیا، مجھے یہ بھول جاتا کہ رائی جتنا تکبر مجھے کہیں جہنم میں نہ گرا دے۔ مجھے یہ تذکرہ کرنا تو یاد رہتا کہ فلاں نے داڑھی رک لی اور نماز ادا نہیں کی، مجھے یہ بھول جاتا کہ کسی کی غیبت کر کے مردار بھائی کا گوشت کھانے کا مرتکب تو میں بھی ہو رہا ہوں۔۔۔۔

یہ سلسلہ کچھ عرصہ یونہی چلتا رہا۔ پھر ایک بار کسی نے بڑے پیارے انداز میں ایک قصہ سنایا۔ قصہ ایک فقیر کا تھا۔ وہ مسجد کے آگے مانگنے بیٹھا۔ نمازی باہر نکلے تو انہیں اپنی نمازوں پر بڑا زعم تھا۔ فقیر کو ڈانٹ کر بھگا دیا۔ وہاں سے اٹھ کر فقیر مندر گیا۔ پجاری باہر آئے تو اس کے ساتھ وہی سلوک یہاں بھی ہوا۔ تنگ آ کر وہ شراب خانے کے باہر بیٹھ گیا۔ جو شرابی باہر آتا اور اسے کچھ دے دیتا، ساتھ میں دعا کا کہتا کہ ہم تو بڑے گناہگار ہیں، کیا پتہ تجھے دیا ہوا ہی بخشش کا باعث بن جائے۔ مجھے سمجھ آ گئی تھی کہ گناہ کر کے شرمندہ ہونا نیکی کر کے تکبر کرنے سے بہتر ہے۔

یہ قصہ میرے لئے Turning Point ثابت ہوا۔ ہم سب کو اپنے آپ کا جائزہ لینے کی شدید ضرورت ہے۔ ضرور امر بالمعروف اور نہی عن المنکر کریں لیکن Judgement کا کام رب کے لئے چھوڑ دیں۔ نیکی کا کام دل میں امت کا درد اور محبت لے کر کرنے سے ہو گا، اپنے آپ کو باقیوں سے برتر سمجھ کر نہیں۔ کانٹے بچھا کر پھولوں کی توقع کیسے کی جا سکتی ہے؟ نفرتیں پھیلا کر محبتیں کیسے سمیٹی جا سکتی ہیں؟ دوسروں کی اصلاح کریں لیکن اپنے رویئے پر کڑی نگاہ رکھنا نہ بھولیں۔

Somali, Movement of expansion from the Middle East towards East and southern Africa.

The first known major impetus to Somali migration was that of Sheikh Ismāʿīl Jabartī, ancestor of the Daarood Somali, who apparently traveled from Arabia to settle in the northeastern corner of the Somali peninsula in the 11th century. This was followed, perhaps two centuries later, by the settlement of Sheikh Isaq, founder of the Isaaq Somali. As the Daarood and Isaaq clans grew in numbers and territory in the northeast, they began to vie with their Oromo neighbours, thus creating a general thrust toward the southwest. Thus, by the latter part of the 19th century, the coastal and hinterland traditions had merged, and the centre of pressure had swung from the coast to the interior. In the north the ancient ports of Berbera and Seylac, much reduced in prosperity and importance, were now controlled by Somali nomads, and the position of the old ports of Marca, Baraawe, and Mogadishu was very similar. These towns had all been penetrated by various Somali clans, and the dominant political influence became that exercised by the Geledi clan ruling the lower reaches of the Shabeelle. Commercial and political links that provided an opening for European infiltration had, however, also been forged between these two coasts and the outside world. Part of the northern Somali coast, including Seylac, was then nominally under Turkish suzerainty (the Turkish claim going back to the 16th century, when Turkish forces had aided Aḥmad Grāñ in his campaigns against Ethiopia). The southern coastal towns, on the other hand, acknowledged the overlordship of the sultan of Zanzibar, although the latter’s authority was slight in comparison with that exercised locally by the Geledi Somali.

The imperial partition

Competition between the European powers and Ethiopia

About the middle of the 19th century, the Somali peninsula became a theatre of competition between Great Britain, Italy, and France. On the African continent itself Egypt also was involved, and later Ethiopia, expanding and consolidating its realm under the guiding leadership of the emperors Tewodros II, Yohannes IV, and Menilek II. Britain’s interest in the northern Somali coast followed the establishment in 1839 of the British coaling station at Aden on the short route to India. The Aden garrison relied upon the importation of meat from the adjacent Somali coast. France sought its own coaling station and obtained Obock on the Afar coast in 1862, later thrusting eastward and developing the Somali port of Djibouti. Farther north, Italy opened a station in 1869 at Aseb, which, with later acquisitions, became the colony of Eritrea. Stimulated by these European maneuvers, Egypt revived Turkey’s ancient claims to the Red Sea coast. In 1870 the Egyptian flag was raised at Bullaxaar (Bulhar) and at Berbera. Britain at first protested these Egyptian moves but by 1877 had come to regard the Egyptian occupation as a convenient bulwark against the encroachments of European rivals. With the disorganization caused by the revolt in the Sudan during this period, however, Egypt was obliged to curtail its colonial responsibilities, evacuating Hārer and its Somali possessions in 1885. In these circumstances the British government reluctantly decided to fill the gap left by Egypt. Between 1884 and 1886, accordingly, treaties of protection were drawn up with the main northern Somali clans guaranteeing them their “independence.” Somali territory was not fully ceded to Britain, but a British protectorate was proclaimed and vice-consuls appointed to maintain order and control trade at Seylac, Berbera, and Bullaxaar. The interior of the country was left undisturbed, only the coast being affected.

Meanwhile, France had been assiduously extending its colony from Obock, and a clash with Britain was only narrowly averted when an Anglo-French agreement on the boundaries of the two powers’ Somali possessions was signed in 1888. In the same period, the Italians were also actively extending their Eritrean colony and encroaching upon Ethiopian territory. Not to be outdone, Menilek took the opportunity of seizing the Muslim city of Hārer, left independent after the Egyptian withdrawal. In 1889 Ethiopia and Italy concluded the Treaty of Wichale, which in the Italian view established an Italian protectorate over Ethiopia. Arms and capital were poured into the country, and Menilek was able to apply these new resources to bring pressure to bear on the Somali clansmen around Hārer. In 1889 Italy also acquired two protectorates in the northeastern corner of Somalia, and by the end of the year the southern part of the Somali coast leased by the British East Africa Company from the sultan of Zanzibar was sublet to an Italian company.

Italy had thus acquired a Somali colony. From 1892 the lease was held directly from Zanzibar for an annual rent of 160,000 rupees, and, after the failure of two Italian companies by 1905, the Italian government assumed direct responsibility for its colony of Italian Somaliland. To the south of the Jubba River the British East Africa Company held Jubaland until 1895, when this became part of Britain’s East Africa protectorate. Britain and Italy had reached agreement in 1884 on the extent of their respective Somali territories, but the Battle of Adwa (1896), at which the infiltrating Italian armies were crushed by Ethiopian forces, radically changed the position. Ethiopia, then independent of Italy, was plainly master of the hinterland, and in 1896–97 Italy, France, and Britain all signed treaties with Emperor Menilek, curtailing their Somali possessions. Italy gave up the Somali Ogaden, and Britain excised much of the western Hawd from its protectorate. Although the land and the Somali clansmen (who were not consulted), so abandoned, were not recognized as belonging to Ethiopia, there was nothing then to stop their gradual acquisition by Ethiopia.

The new-age Network:-Algorand and DeFi,decentralized finance solutions

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is the merger of traditional bank services with decentralized technologies such as blockchain. DeFi can also go under the name Open Finance due to its inclusive format. Importantly, the DeFi community seeks to create alternatives to every financial service currently available. These services include items such as savings and checking accounts, loans, asset trading, insurance, and much more. The DeFi stands for Decentralized Finance and what does this really mean? Looking at the evolution of currency from trade by barter to digital currency, currency has always been controlled by a centralized body otherwise known as Central Bank. Decentralized finance, in a nutshell, has to do with all the financial application that is running on top of the blockchain. It is a system of controlling our assets through an open-source and through an ecosystem that allows everybody to have access to financial transparency without waiting for any central authority to take decisions. With decentralized finance, everyone is giving the chance to interact with the system throughout P2P and Dapps.

What is DeFi Offering?

Unlike traditional finance which can also be referred to as centralized finance, decentralized finance does not need any third party or intermediaries before users can have control over their assets or interact with the system. DeFi is offering you control of your own assets.

Though many new-age banks and fin-tech firms promise to provide more control to the users, in reality, you are still trusting in them to manage your funds. The objective of DeFi is to give you full control of your assets, and it can because of decentralization and blockchain technology. Also, many developers of financial apps are adopting open-source protocols for trading through decentralized exchanges.

Importance of DeFi:

DeFi continues to play an important role in the evolution of the financial sector for many reasons. For instance, DeFi expands the functionality and reach of money. Since all you need to participate in the DeFi sector is a Smartphone, there is huge potential to expand the global economy. Consequently, analysts see this sector as one of the most important currently under development in the crypto space. This commitment to the development of a DeFi ecosystem is easy to recognize. Importantly, DeFi is the fastest growing sector in blockchain.

Algorand Network:

The Algorand blockchain is entirely decentralized, which means there is no powerful central authority or single point of control. .A unique committee of users is randomly and secretly selected to approve every block. It solves the blockchain trilemma by providing scalability, decentralization, and security at the same time without compromising anyone of the element. The fact that all protocols are open-source allows anyone to build new financial products on top of them. Developers across the globe can collaborate with each other to create new products leading to faster innovation and a secure network.

Anyone can store, trade, and invest their assets in blockchain securely and earn a much higher return than from the traditional financial system. Since there no intermediaries handling your asset, you have complete control over your investments.

Algorand protocol runs on Pure Proof of Stake, that is built on byzantine agreement. A design implementation that defines how people can participate in a decentralized network while preventing forged identities at the same time. It is a mechanism that when combined with a Byzantine agreement protocol creates a way for a large group of people to achieve consensus. Pure proof-of-stake means that for anyone wanting to participate in the Algorand network, they can signal that intent by flagging an account with Algo as a participant.so there is no centralization involved in this Blockchain Network.

How categorize DeFi solutions on Algorand:

The Algorand protocol is the ideal blockchain. To understand DeFi solutions and capabilities with an efficient blockchain infrastructure should look in the Algorand protocol. Instead, these platforms integrate advanced smart contracts to streamline their business systems. Smart contracts are preprogrammed protocols that initiate upon receiving crypto to their address. Importantly smart contracts can handle a huge variety of tasks from customer approval to making payments. It’s important to understand what characteristics and reason give Algorand for the DeFi solution are these:

Open-Source and permissionless:

AS Algorand is an open sourced and permissionless platform. Open source coding refers to the fact that the coding is made public. Additionally, anyone can participate in DeFi Dapps without concern for approval. Additionally, anyone can participate in the Network without concern for approval and participate from all over the world, and make their users decision free. In this way, anyone can audit it and validate its functionality, security, and capabilities. Open-source codes are far more stable and secure than private codes because of this community interaction. Additionally, it provides more confidence in the platform because users can rest assured that no hidden malicious coding is operating in the background

Transparency:

Algorand provides the world with new levels of transparency. Transparency provides trust for the users. Network participants have the ability to access holdings and transactions of public addresses using a block explorer, used to search the blocks of a blockchain, their contents, and their relevant details. Programs such as block explorers can help people track and trace decentralized transactions of non-privacy focused coins.

True Decentralization of Finance:

Algorand offers true decentralization. Any platform that is based on Algorand’s protocol will be truly and fully decentralized. Eventually, Finance will be truly decentralized if DeFi is incorporated on Algorand. It store data cryptographically on a distributed ledger so that all users have equal rights over the data. Algorand’s pure PoS protocol and consensus mechanism is what makes it able to offer true de-centralization.

Interoperability:

Interoperability is the main pillar of the ecosystem, Interoperability is critical because it ensures that as more developers enter the space, all the previous work is not lost. Instead, users can stack their DeFi products to expand their exposure to this new age economy. For instance, it’s common for a single user to utilize Stablecoin, decentralized exchanges, and wallets together. This strategy is possible due to the seamless integration DeFi applications possess by a dedicated community of global users who shares Algorand’s same vision of decentralized and borderless future.

Incentivization:

In Algorand the users of the applications, who validate blocks on the chain should be rewarded with specific tokens or digital assets that have value. So users can stake their Algo in their wallet. In addition of new block that is added on the chain rewards are given by their staking amount. Excellent wallet! Users are encouraged by the rewards that are paid into wallet just for holding Algo

Faster transaction,high level of security:

While processing transactions on Algorand, there is no need to integrate a payment gateway to accept funds. Hence, the processing of transactions becomes faster. The smart contracts are governed by private keys, which ensures a high level of data security.In Algorand, user have full control of the money without a trusted third-party. With increased anonymity, the signup process is short and does not take much time. The data records available are more reliable as users can access the public blockchain to evaluate the transaction information. Another unique feature of Algorand’s protocol is it’s atomic transfers. This feature helps to achieve split-second transfers with negligible costs and so on. As far, when a user exchanges an asset via a decentralized exchange, the platform never holds the assets directly. Instead, smart contracts are used to enable a simultaneous wallet-to-wallet swap. In this way, there is no main point of weakness within the platform for a hacker to exploit. All of the applications, that run on Algorand, a secure and open blockchain network, which offers high security and is immutable from hacks and intrusions.

To sum up!

Overall, it may be said the main systems of our society undergo a transformation towards decentralization, there will be more demand for DeFi in the future. These new-age applications continue to disrupt the current business systems in remarkable ways. Soon, decentralized applications will set the new standard for the economy moving forward. Consequently, the global economy could receive a huge boost in participation in the coming years. We have seen, how Algorand help to make De-Fi more acceptable and adoptable in the financial sector, and provides the world with a glimpse into a more scalable, open, and decentralized and secure platform to spread out the solutions.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Fails Muslim's

OIC has failed to prevent war in Muslim Countries and fulfill peacekeeping duties many times throughout its history. Since the second half of the 20th century, there have been countless wars, some of them still ongoing. OIC has failed several times. The Issues of the following countries is still remained unsolved and OIC silence on war against Muslims led to killing and displacement of many people.

Kashmir dispute (1948-Now).

The ongoing confrontation in the disputed Kashmir region has become one of the greatest human rights crises in history, marked by wanton killings, rape, incarceration of leaders and activists, torture and disappearances of Kashmiris, despite several unimplemented OIC resolutions over the issue.

The mountainous region is divided between India and Pakistan, who have both claimed it in full since gaining independence from British colonists in 1947. The rebellion by several Muslims groups in India-administered Kashmir, who seek either a merger with Pakistan or independence, has gained momentum after 1989. At least 68,000 people have been killed by Indian security forces since then.

Somali civil war (1991-Now)

Since the ouster of dictator Mohamed Siad Barre by the Somali Rebellion in 1991, the decades-long civil war has raged between rival clans in the country.

Srebrenica Massacre (1995)

In 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence after a referendum. Following the declaration of independence, Bosnian Serbs mobilised their forces into the country with the help of the Serbian government, which led to the start of the war. Around 8,000 Muslim men and boys were killed by Bosnian Serb troops under the command of former General Ratko Mladic at Srebrenica in July 1995, the worst mass killing on European soil since World War II.

Darfur conflict in Sudan (2003-Now)

Rebels in Sudan’s western region of Darfur rose up against the government in February 2003, saying Khartoum discriminated against non-Arab farmers there.

Some 200,000 people have been killed in the conflict since then, while 4.4 million people need aid and over 2.5 million have been displaced. The International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Sudanese President Omar Hassan al Bashir in 2009 and 2010 on charges of war crimes and genocide in his drive to crush the Darfur revolt.

Iraq invasion (2003-2011)

More than one million Iraqis have died as a result of the conflict in their country since the US-led invasion in 2003, according to research conducted by one of Britain’s leading polling groups. The intervention and regime change sought by the US left Iraq with civil and economic instability, and vulnerable to terrorism by Daesh in the coming years.

Syrian civil war (2011-Now):

The Syrian regime launched a brutal crackdown on peaceful protesters who took to the streets in March 2011, with its leader Bashar al Assad saying he would “relentlessly fight terrorist groups”— referring to the pro-democracy protesters.

The regime released imprisoned Al Qaeda members, right after the protests turned into an uprising, who later formed the backbone of leadership in Daesh, which spread to Syria in 2014 from Iraq. Several foreign countries are involved in several conflict areas across Syria. Syria's conflict alone had, by the end of last year, pushed more than 6.3 million people out of the country, accounting for nearly one-third of the global refugee population. Another 6.2 million Syrians are internally displaced.

Rohingya genocide.

The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions by the Myanmar (formerly Burmese) government against the Muslim Rohingya people. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first occurred from October 2016 to January 2017 and the second has been occurring since August 2017. Some of the worst violence is believed to have occurred in Tula Toli, in a village in Maungdaw township, where survivors say residents were rounded up on riverbanks and shot as they tried to flee. Survivors believe thousands may have died in that village alone. Myanmar launched a major military crackdown on the Muslim ethnic minority, killing almost 24,000 civilians and forcing 750,000 others, including women and children, to flee to Bangladesh, according to the Ontario International Development Agency (OIDA). mass gang rapes, killings — including of infants and young children — brutal beatings and disappearances committed by Myanmar state forces.

Yemen civil war (2014-Now)

The war in Yemen, which began in 2014, between forces loyal to the internationally-accepted government of President Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi backed by Saudi Arabia and Iranian-backed Houthis has turned more violent after a Saudi-led international coalition started operations against Houthis in March 2015. The Saudi-led coalition began its intervention in Yemen in 2015, escalating the war, which left the poorest country in the Arab world in a state of disaster.

Azerbaijan - Armenia Conflicts

An attack on Azerbaijani border force positions in Tovuz is nothing more than an act of aggression against Azerbaijan. Armenia’s third-party orchestrated attempts to attack Azerbaijan is not just a threat to the regional peace and stability, but also to the Europe’s energy security.

Israeli occupation (1948-Now)

Ever since the creation of the Jewish state in 1948, Palestinians have been fighting against what a UN investigator once described as Israel’s ethnic cleansing. At least 15,000 Palestinians were killed and some 750,000 out of a total population of 1.9 million were forced to take refuge far from their homelands between 1947 and 1949. More than 7,000 Palestinians and 1,100 Israelis have died in the conflict between 2000 and 2014. Today Israel controls 85 percent of historic Palestine. It also imposes a crippling blockade on Gaza and continues its construction of illegal settlements on occupied lands.

India as a “guest of honour” at the UAE’s invitation for OIC opening Session during human rights violations in India-administered Kashmir.

In one of the meetings, the head of an Arab state suggested that India be invited to the upcoming session of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), a group of 57 Muslim countries. Pakistan has blocked India’s inclusion in OIC meetings since the organisation was formed in 1969, citing the continuing human rights violations in India-administered Kashmir. New Delhi has launched a crackdown against political activists and pro-independence leaders since a February 14 suicide attack by a local militant in Kashmir killed more than 40 Indian paramilitary troops. Kashmiris have reacted strongly to the OIC’s invitation to the Indian minister. Hurriyat leader Syed Ali Geelani said it was like “rubbing salt on our wounds.”

Prompting anti-state vision and sectarian hatred amongst masses, in order to gain political interest, is dark chapter of our history. Many people were against two nation theory at the time of creation of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Later on, many of them accepted Pakistan as a defender of Muslim Uma. Now a days many corrupt and anti-state actors are trying to spread Shia Sunni sectarian conflict amongst masses in order to serve their lords in Washington and New Delhi. Citizens should aware that they can fly to save their black money rather than protecting us from Indian Aggression. On the issue of National Security and protecting indigenous people from Indian sate terrorism politicians and other all stake holder must take mature steps toward national cohesion. Long live Pakistan.

Writer is a student and improving writing skills.

جہاد کا اصل معنی

وہ کوشش اور محنت جو کسی معین مقصد کیلۓ کی جاۓَ اسے جہاد کہتے ہیں ۔ اسلام میں جہاد سے مراد کفار کے خلاف جنگ میں جانی ومالی قربانی دینا ہے یعنی ایسی محنت اور کوشش جو اللہ کی خوشنودی حاصل کرنے کے لیے کی جاۓ۔ بعض احادیس میں اپنے نفس جہاد کرنے کو جہاد آکبر کہا ہے۔

جہاد اسلام کا ایک اجتمائ فریضہ ہے۔ اس کے انجام دینے میں ہر وہ کوشش اور محنت بطور عبادت شامل ہے جو ملت کے استحکام میں جملہ اجتمائ امور میں عام مجاحد سے لے کرر ملت کے معین مصالح مسلا حق کی سر بلندی اعلاۓ کلمتہ اللہ ۔ مظلوموں ک حمایت۔ حملہ آوروں کا مقابلہ اور اس میں آگے بڈھ کر ان کمین گاہوں۔ رسد گاہوں۔ چھاؤنیوں سلسلہ رسل ور رسائل اور ان کے مرکزی قوت ختم کرنے تک سب امور شامل ہیں۔ سلطان جابر کے سامنے کلمہ حق کہنا بھی جہاد ہے۔

جیسے میڈیا نے جہاد کی تصویر کشی کی ہے حقیقت میں ایسا کچھ بھی نہیں۔ میڈیا بتاتا ہےکہ کوئ بھی

مسلمان کسی غیر مسلم سے جہاد کر سکتا ہے اس بقہ پر کہ کوئ پیسے کا معملہ ہو۔ جایداد کا ہو۔ پاور کا یا کوئ بھی زاتی مصلہ ہو اس پر وہ جہاد کر سکتا ہے یہ میڈیا ایک فتنہ ہے جو یہ بکواس پھیلاتا ہے۔ جہاد صرف اللہ کے راہ پر ہوتا ہے چاہے جان سے ہو یا مال سے۔

جو کوئ اسلام کے خلاف فتنہ اگنے کی کوشش کرے گا اس کے خلاف جہاد کرنا فرض ہے جو کوئ ظالم مسلمانوں پے ظلم کرے گا اس کے خلاف جہاد کرنے کا حکم دیا گیا ہے۔

جہاد کو ددہشت گردی کیوں کہا جاتا ہے؟ یہ اِس لیے کہا جاتا ہے تاکہ جو مسلمانوں کی نئ نسلیں آہ رہی ہیں وہ اس افضل کام کو دہشت گردی سمجھ کر پیچھے ہٹ جایں اور اِن کے غلام بن کر رہیں در حقیقت انہیں خطرہ ہے کہ مسلمان اںک بار پھر اُن پر غالب نہ آ جایں ۔ اسی ڈر سے انہوں نے ہمارے نوجوانوں میں بے حیائ پھیلا دی ہے۔ اے مسلمانو خدا کا واسطہ ہے جاگ جاؤ غلامی سے نکل آؤ اور سیدھا راستہ اپناؤ ان کا فروں پر غالب آ جاؤ اور کلمہ حق بلند کر دو۔

:اللہ تعالی قرآن مجید میں ارشاد فرما تے ہیں

"

برابر نہیں وہ مسلمان جو بلا کسی عزر کے گھر میں بیٹھے رہیں اور وہ لوگ جو اللہ کی راہ میں اپنے مال اور جانوں سے جہاد کریں بلکہ اللہ نے ان لوگوں کے درجہ بہت بڈا بنایا

ہے جو اپنے مال اور جہاد کرتے ہیں بہ نسبت ان لوگوں کے جو گھروں میں بیٹھے رہتے ہیں۔

یعنی ان لوگوں کے درجے بلند ہیں جنہوں نے اللہ میں جہاد کیا جب اللہ نے جہاد کرنا افضل قرار دے دیا تو پھر جہاد کیوں نہ کرنا۔ ہم نے قرآن مجید کو آدب کے لحاظ سے اتنا اُپر رکھ دیا ہے کہ نہ ہاتھ پہنچتا ہے نہ نظریں

تو جہاد کا درش کہاں سے آۓ۔ للّٰه نے ہمیں پاکستان دیا جو مسلمانوں کے لیے بنا مزہب کے نام پر بنا اور ہم نے کیا کیا اُسی کے ساتھ غداری کی جس نے ہمیں یہ ملک دیا۔ بد قسمتی سے اس ملک میں حق بات کرنے والے کو نظر بند کر دیا جاتا ہے اور گستاخِ رسولُ اللّٰهﷺ کو ملک سے فرار کروا دیا جاتا ہے ۔

حضرت امام مالک رح سے کسی نے پوچھا اگر اُمت کے سامنے نبی پاک حضرت رسولُ اللّٰهﷺ کی شان میں گستاجی کی جاۓ اور اُمت جاموش رہے تو؟ آپ نے فرمایا پھر اس امت کو کوئ جواز ہی نہیں بچتا کے وہ زندہ رہے اس امت کو کو اجتمائ طور پر مر جانا چاہیے۔

کشمیر میں خون کی ندیاں بہا دی گئں۔ شام میں سیریا میں مسلمانوں کو ختم کر دیا گیا ۔ برما میں مسلمانوں کے جون کے دریا بہا دیے گۓ دنیا میں مسلمانوں پر کسی نہ کسی طرحظلم کیا ہی گیا اور ہمارے حکمرانوں نے قوفے والوں کا قردار آداد کیا۔

بیچ کر تلواریں

خرید لی جانمازیں ہم نے

مسلمانو جاگ جاؤ اِن کافروں کی غلامی سے نکل آؤ خدا کا واسطہ ہے۔۔۔

میں لکھنا تو بہت چاہتا ہوں لیکن ابھی صرف مختصر سی بات کی ہے ۔ انشاءاللّٰه میں جہاد پر ایک کتاب لکھوں گا۔ کچھ علطیاں بھی ہوں گی اُن کو درگزر کی جیے گا۔

آرٹیکل براۓ سولا 16 سالا طالب علم سردار عبداللہ

State youth Parliament Zindabad