مقامی Phidāl Uttār خبریں ، پاکستان

ARTICLE COVID-19

Numerous nations on the planet are recommending various degrees of regulation to forestall radically spread of Covid, or Coronavirus. With these concerns, schools and colleges are shutting down and moving unexpectedly to online stages and far off training. This unexpected change makes them ask, "What is the effect of Covid on instruction?"

How about we examine the idea of Coronavirus, how schools are acclimating to distant learning, and how those changes are affecting training in all cases and what impact did it have on individuals' work.

Speedy Route Connections:

 Overview of Coronavirus

 Why Are Individuals So Stressed?

 Why Schools Are Shutting

 What Are the Choices When Schools Close

 How Instruction Is Being Affected Up until now

 The Main concern

Overview Of Coronavirus

Covids are a group of infections that range from the normal cold to Extreme Intense Respiratory Condition (SARS). The latest Covid (here and there alluded to as the novel Covid) is called Coronavirus, and was first recognized in Wuhan, China in December of 2019.

Since its first cases in China, Coronavirus has spread to pretty much every nation around the world. As indicated by the World Wellbeing Association, 167,515 worldwide cases were accounted for, including 6,606 passings, as of Walk 16, 2020.

Why Are People So Stressed?

Despite the fact that the world has managed different pandemics before, Coronavirus has been spreading quickly. Furthermore, the infection is very infectious and can pass between individuals before any indications show up.

The concern around the infection, and the work to contain it, comes from an absence of past involvement in it. Since the infection is beforehand obscure, exceptionally infectious, and passes effectively starting with one individual then onto the next, general wellbeing and government authorities around the globe are endeavoring to contain the spread of the infection while an immunization is as yet inaccessible.

Why Schools Are Shutting ?

As a feature of the work to contain the spread of the Covid, public spaces, for example, schools, colleges, and workplaces are shutting down so that individuals can remain at home and forestall additionally spread.

In nations, for example, China, where testing and isolate measures were taken, the spread had the option to level out. Measures that are taken to slow the pace of disease incorporate social separating, limits on occasion sizes and home isolate when vital.

Shutting schools and workplaces guarantees that individuals can restrict their communications with others and eases back the spread of the infection while the medical care framework adapts to the pandemic.

What Are the Choices When Schools Close?

1. Online learning.

Numerous schools and colleges are picking to proceed with their typical classes on online stages. This incorporates the utilization of online devices, for example, bunch video programs, that permit educators and understudies to meet and direct classes over the web.

Another way that understudies are preceding with their examinations is through distance schooling, which utilizes online projects that supplant teachers with instructive material that understudies concentrate all alone.

An illustration of distance learning would be online classes or recordings which understudies use individually, rather than meeting live with the instructor and different understudies.

Notwithstanding, not all schools and colleges had the option to make it on the web and may before long be shut for eternity. Establishments like College of the Individuals – an on the web, educational cost free, US licensed college – have consistently been on the web. Therefore, understudies can learn with us anyplace, whenever. We don't have an actual ground, so our entryways are consistently open! Nas Day by day, an effective web-based media influencer, discusses this, how understudies are requesting more worth and brings down expenses for their university examines, and other advanced education news in his video beneath..

How Instruction Is Being Affected Up until this point?

1. Difficulties for Staff and Understudies.

As school and college staffs figure out how to change their exercises over to online stages, the two understudies and staff are figuring out how to manage far off learning and correspondence.

Despite the fact that innovation has just had a major hand in most school issues, the new reliance on innovation for each part of training is compelled to happen for the time being — leaving numerous individuals battling with mechanical troubles, just as adapting to the difficulties of learning at home and figuring out how to build a profitable timetable outside of the school climate.

2. Difficulties for Low-pay Families.

Tragically, numerous families depend on the state funded educational system, for instruction, yet for necessities like food and childcare. With schools dropped, numerous youngsters are left without legitimate dinners, and guardians are compelled to take off work to think about their small kids.

Albeit numerous schools are proceeding with on the web, numerous understudies don't approach PCs or the web in their homes. Without the appropriate innovation, numerous understudies will be compelled to pass up their schooling until additional arrangements can be orchestrated.

3. Focus Troubles.

More youthful kids, just as understudies with ADHD or other extraordinary necessities, think that it’s hard to focus to full limit with online instructive apparatuses. Small kids need the help of face to face guidance, and may think that it’s hard to move in a commonplace frontal class led on a PC. Understudies with extraordinary necessities, who likewise depend on face to face guidance, may discover it particularly hard to change to online stages.

The Main Concern

With endeavors to forestall the spread of the novel Covid, instruction is out of nowhere and quickly moving on the web. New instructive open doors are being publicized and made accessible for understudies, yet the switch has likewise highlighted the significance of the state funded educational systems for lower-pay families, and the difficulties the switch presents for families, exceptional necessities understudies, just as staff and understudies no matter how you look at it.

It very well might be too soon to state how understudies and educators will adapt to internet learning as they sort out the crimps, however the effect of the Covid on instruction is a significant thought.

It's possible that once the Coronavirus pandemic settles down, we may see a proceeded with increment in training frameworks utilizing on the web stages for study helps, just as understudies grasping on the web schooling for their higher learning degree programs.

NEPOTISM

INTRODUCTION:

Nepotism is defined as the practice among those with power or influence of favouring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs. It is actually the unfair use of power for their families only. It can also be defined as hiring or encouraging a relative or friend, even if there are other certified candidates for the position. Nepotism in the workplace is not uncommon, since this is a practice that does not have any universal law attached to it. However, in recent times, states have passed laws to lower this practice, since it has many social issues involved in it. These practices can have spoiling effects on businesses—such as the support of non-favored employees or lowering the value and innovation of management. Nepotism is both seen in the private and public sector. However, based on research, it is actually more extensive in the public sector.

Nepotism is apparent in family owned businesses for the manifest reasons. Families would want to pass the business from generation to generation and this means that the profit and all gains will stay within the family and will be come into by family members. And other qualified people are not given opportunity to participate.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NEPOTISM:

However nepotism has many advantages as well as may disadvantages, some these are discussed in below.

Advantages:

If practiced fairly (itself a disputable term in this regard), nepotism can be a true benefit, Sharon Nelton suggests, citing the example of Thomas Publishing Company. In 1998 there were seven third- and fourth-generation family members working for the company. The third-generation president, Tom Knudson, inspire nepotism among their independent sales contractors because he believed it resulted in high performance, stability, and long-term commitment.

Chad Kaydo also writes that nepotism may be applicable. For example, a top salesperson's relative may have many of the same qualities that make the representative successful. Enlisting family members can therefore boost both performance as well as detention.

Disadvantages:

However, nepotism is considered as a disaster. Lines Brothers in Britain, once a highly successful maker of Triang toys, was extend worthless in just a few years by its second generation of leadership. Yale Express, a U.S. delivery company, was bankrupt within five years of the second generation presuming the presidency.

Nepotism can contribute to lots of disadvantages to an organization such as unfairness to other employees, lower employees’ morale and pressure to the relatives themselves.

First and foremost, the disadvantage of nepotism is unfairness to other employees. The feeling arises because employer shows favoritism only to the relative’s workers. There is possibility that non-family employees will feel disappointed and prejudice when they are treated like that.

EFFECT OF NEPOTISM:

When nepotism give negative effects on a company, the morale of the employees decreases, and their self-confidence also decreases no matter how productive the company is but it result in lowering of a person self-esteem.

Employees may feel unrewarded, and as a result, they may lose motivation to do day-to-day tasks and they start to question their abilities. Companies should avoid playing favorites when it comes to work and productivity. This is unfairness to other people which affects the team as a whole, leading to declined performance. People should be treated equally at work. They should focus on creating a professional environment where everyone has equal chances of success.

Types of Nepotism:

Credentials nepotism: This form of nepotism is sometimes obscure but could be very dangerous to both an individual and an organization. In this situation people are given more credit for attending a class and passing but cannot apply what they have learnt. In short credential nepotism means giving someone more credit because they are certified.

Referral nepotism: Referral is an employment which is said to be natural. In this case, management asks high performers within the organization to recommend someone for a job opening that needs to be filled. Management hiring someone who turns out to be a poor performer but is tied to a high performer through friendship could lead to chaos in that trying to conclude that poor performer without upsetting the high performer is almost inevitable.

Contribution nepotism: This is a situation where persons within an organization receive preferential treatment because of a one-time contribution that made the organization more successful even though their succeeding performance has been poor or unsatisfactory.

Connection nepotism: is a connection which comes about by virtue of a shared experience such as attending the same school, attend the same church, from the same community, are members of the same sports club or were in the same profession. Connection nepotism is inclined to turn a blind eye to low employee performance and poor job fit.

CONCLUSION:

An effective anti-nepotism policy can actually help the employers to avoid the approach of favoritism. Additionally, make sure all hiring, promotion, compensation, and other employment decisions are based on objective factors, including an individual's qualifications, ability, and performance.

EDUCATION PROBLEMS IN PAKISTAN

INTRODUCTION

Education is the basic need for every human present in this earth, it is an important tool which is very useful in everybody’s life. It is the only source which makes a man the smartest creature on earth. It empowers human and gets them ready to face challenges of life more efficiently. As we know that it is our religious obligation to get education. It is very important religious obligation you can assume its importance from one of the verse of Quran which is;

“Are those who have knowledge equal to those who do not have knowledge?”(39:9)

Educational awareness needs to be spread throughout the country to make education accessible because no one will survive in future without getting education. But, this remains incomplete without knowing the importance of education. Education is the only key which eliminate poverty and employments. Moreover, it gives overall benefit to the country. So, the higher the level of education in a country, the better the chance of development

Education system of Pakistan is going through a very critical phase with many multiphase problems. All these problems are directly or indirectly comes from a week and undefined education system. According to human developing report, 2019 Pakistan ranked 152th out of 189th in UNESCO’s for all education development index. As per research, in 2018 Pakistan literacy rate was seventy(70) percent and in the rural areas it is even below than fifty(50) percent. Pakistan has also the world’s second highest out-of-school population of children with an estimated of 22.8 million children aged 5-16 not attending school. There are much more issues in our education system which can endangered our democracy. There is a need to improve our education system this will not only give strength to democracy but also ensure social security.

Following are some problems related to education are as below;

LACK OF FUNDING

There is a huge list of issues and problems in in our education system .The most significant is the lack of funding. For example our government has reduced the budget for education by nearly fifty (50) percent. This lack of funding effects the quality and impact of teaching. As we know that there are high rate of unemployment in Pakistan so it is very difficult for parents to provide quality education to their children. As per research the crisis of funding was best captured by an American politician “Bernie Sanders” who said, “In giving up their dreams of going to college, while many others are graduating in depth.” The same situation are happening in Pakistan as well, our young generation whose dream is to become an educated person and to work for their country, unfortunately they are seen mostly working as a labor in hotels, selling fruit in the street, picking trash from dustbin and also begging to fulfill their needs. As many of the NGOs working for the welfare of the children to give them proper education as these children are the only hope of our nation.

LACK OF PROPER PLANNING

Another major issue is lack of proper planning. Our government has not clear vision about the provision of education as well as no plans to achieve their desire goals. Beside that people are less aware about the importance of education and they consider as the waste of time and money. Mostly people don’t send their children especially their daughter to school due to gender discrimination. This needs to be stop because women are also an important part of our society. They have also rights to get education properly. As we know that we are also going through Poverty so it is very difficult for the labor class to provide quality education to their children as well as to provide good environment in which a student can study properly. Government must have to focus and needs to work on economic gape between poor and rich.

LACK OF QUALITY TEACHERS

As we know that, teachers are the backbone of education system. The quality of teachers in Pakistan is quite deplorable. According to UNESCO report, the quality of teachers and instruction in schools is of low quality. This situation is mostly found in the remote areas of Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan where even there are not any teachers available within the schools. Research has found that teachers don’t use new methods and method of teaching and learning. Another significant factor plaguing the education sector is radicalizations, which encourages lack of poor quality of teaching and the unviability of jobs for the students which are studding in universities. Every year thousands of students are graduated from all over Pakistan and the first thing is they do is to search for good jobs as we know that there is high rate of unemployment in Pakistan they don’t even get a job and this result in depression in the country.

LACK OF INSTITUTES

The education systems is not easily for Pakistan it facings many difficulties to maintain this system. The main role to maintain the education system is teacher which plays their role with honesty and integrity but in the goings day’s education is going difficult for the students and teacher did not understand how to deal with the student or help them. Training is essential for quality performance. Teaching is a challenging job. There is a lack of training opportunities for teachers in Pakistan. Although there are various teacher training institutes in the country. These institutes are not well resource and being poor due to the lack of fund. There are no proper training standers are available in the training institutes around the country. Most of the training institutes have been closed down due to lack of funds. The courses being run in the teacher’s educational institutes are outdated and very traditional which does not enhance the skills, motivation and quality of teachers so, government needs to focus on teachers training and learning institutes which help them to deal with the student and discover their talents which is essential in modern day education system.

SYSTEM OF EXAMINATION

Examination is the evaluation of student’s learning. It should be based on quality techniques to enhance the performance of students, but the examination system of Pakistan is not only outdated but it also does not have the quality to enhance the performance of learners comprehensively. The examination system of Pakistan tests only the memory of the students. It doesn't evaluate them altogether aspects of learning. Government should also need to focus on that.

CONCLUSION

It concludes that, there is always a solution to get rid of all the problems so we have to take steps to remove our problems regarding education. First of all government should organize teams, conducting programs on TV during which they need to inform their nation about the importance of education. This needs to be done in the rural areas so that people should send their children to schools. Also government should give subsidy on the education departments so that people easily afford the expenses of education. Government should make sound policies on education and also on the budget in order to provide education to people more easily. By increasing within the educational budget we will make more schools, colleges and also chemical laboratories to boost our research work also

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